Fig. 5

Exosomes isolated from plasma of both mouse groups or culture media of cells expressing exogenous CrebH stimulate the expression of MAdCAM-1 and VAP1 in endothelial cell lines. A Immunoblot data for TSG101 and CD9 of exosomes. Histone H3 was used as a negative control for exosomes and lysate was from colon tissue. B Exosome numbers isolated from WT (blue) and CrebH^−/− (red) mice were estimated using a commercially available exosome quantification kit in 100 μL plasma. C Exosomal protein levels were measured by the Bradford protein quantification method. Water (n = 3) and DSS (n = 5). D Exosome uptake was investigated in bEnd.3 cells. E, F Expressions of MAdCAM-1 and VAP1 response to exosome isolated from WT and CrebH^−/− mice. WT-control exosome (WC-exo), WT-DSS exosome (WD-exo), CrebH^−/−-control exosome (KC-exo), or CrebH^−/−-DSS exosome (KD-exo) groups. *P < 0.05 or **P < 0.01. G Size distribution of exosomes isolated from the culture medium was determined by a dynamic light scattering system. H TNFα-induced MAdCAM-1 expression was estimated by qRT-PCR after treatment of pcDNA–exo or CrebH-exo. *P < 0.05 or ***P < 0.001. I Protein levels of MAdCAM-1. Alpha-tubulin was used as a loading control. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-tailed Student’s t-test. Error bars represent the mean ± SEM