Figure 2

Nutrient deprivation activated autophagy in liver cells in vitro . (A, B) Chang liver cells were transfected with GFP-tagged LC3. After 24 hours transfection, cells were incubated in EBSS for indicated times (A), or were cultured in indicated conditions for 24 h (B). Then the dots were observed under a fluorescent microscope. Representative images of treated cells were shown with an original magnification × 400. GFP-LC3 dots per cell were counted for quantification. Data were shown as mean ± SEM (n = 200; *: p < 0.05; **: p < 0.01). (C) Chang liver cells were cultured in indicated conditions for 24 h. Whole cell lysates were subjected to western blot to detect the indicated antibodies. (D) Chang liver cells incubated in the indicated conditions for 24 h were processed by EM. Black triangles indicate the autophagosome (Bar: 1 μm). (E) Quantification of the number of autophagosome per cell. Data were shown as mean ± SEM (n = 10; **: p < 0.01).